Interactive Column Subtraction Demonstrator - Equal Addition Method


Learn Column Subtraction

Equal Addition Method Tutorial


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Column Subtraction is a bit trickier than column addition, but the method we'll look at here is still quite simple to learn.

There are two common methods for subtracting numbers arranged in columns - the Decomposition Method which most parents and teachers will have learned in school, and a second method called the Equal Addition Method. In the end both give the same answer, but the equal addition method tends to be the easier to explain and learn thanks to its simplicity.

When using the equal addition method, the bottom number is subtracted from the top number in each column, starting in the units column and working left through the tens, hundreds, and so on. If the bottom number is larger than the top number in a column, we just add 10 to the top number and add 1 to the bottom number in the next column to the left as shown in the example below:

  7 16 
- 11 8 
  5  8 
Here we are adding 10 to units column and to the final answer, and adding 1*10=10 to the tens column to be subtracted from the final answer.
Therefore since +10 - 10 = 0 we have not changed the final answer, we've just made it easier to calculate.
Column subtraction using the Equal Addition Method is much better demonstrated than explained, so please try our automatic demonstrator below.

Level 1 - 2 digit minus 2 digit, no borrow.
Level 2 - 3 digit minus 3 digit, no borrow.
Level 3 - 2 digit minus 2 digit, with borrow.
Level 4 - 3 digit minus 3 digit, with borrow.
Level 5 - 4 digit minus 4 digit, with borrow.
Level 6 - 5 digit minus 5 digit, with borrow.

press F5 to repeat a level with new numbers.

For printable PDF column subtraction worksheets for each of the levels mentioned above click here:
L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6

Alternatively, you can enter numbers yourself below to see how they one is subtracted from the other using the equal addition method of column subtraction.

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Equal Addition Method - Column Subtraction


The Question is 40379 - 16599.
Put these numbers into columns.
  4  0  3  7  9 
- 1  6  5  9  9 
                

Look at the units column.
We have 9 - 9 = 0, so write 0 at the bottom of the units column.

  4  0  3  7  9 
- 1  6  5  9  9 
              0 

Look at the tens column.
7 is less than 9 so we add 10 to the 7 in the tens column giving us 17, and at the same time add 1 to be subtracted later from the hundreds column.
(Adding 10 to the tens column is actually adding 100 to the final answer. Adding 1 to be subtracted from the hundreds column is actually subtracting 100 from the final answer. Therefore since 100 - 100 = 0, we have not changed the final answer, just made it easier to calculate.)
Now we have 17 - 9 = 8, so write 8 at the bottom of the tens column.

  4  0  3 17  9 
- 1  6  51 9  9 
           8  0 

Look at the hundreds column.
3 is less than 5+1 so we add 10 to the 3 in the hundreds column giving us 13, and at the same time add 1 to be subtracted later from the thousands column.
(Adding 10 to the hundreds column is actually adding 1000 to the final answer. Adding 1 to be subtracted from the thousands column is actually subtracting 1000 from the final answer. Therefore since 1000 - 1000 = 0, we have not changed the final answer, just made it easier to calculate.)
Now we have 13 - 5 - 1 = 7, so write 7 at the bottom of the hundreds column.

  4  0 13 17  9 
- 1  61 51 9  9 
        7  8  0 

Look at the thousands column.
0 is less than 6+1 so we add 10 to the 0 in the thousands column giving us 10, and at the same time add 1 to be subtracted later from the ten-thousands column.
(Adding 10 to the thousands column is actually adding 10000 to the final answer. Adding 1 to be subtracted from the ten-thousands column is actually subtracting 10000 from the final answer. Therefore since 10000 - 10000 = 0, we have not changed the final answer, just made it easier to calculate.)
Now we have 10 - 6 - 1 = 3, so write 3 at the bottom of the thousands column.

  4 10 13 17  9 
- 11 61 51 9  9 
     3  7  8  0 

Look at the ten-thousands column.
We have 4 - 1 - 1 = 2, so write 2 at the bottom of the ten-thousands column.

  4 10 13 17  9 
- 11 61 51 9  9 
  2  3  7  8  0 

So using the equal addition method, we have worked out that 40379 - 16599 = 23780

Press F5 for another example.

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